One of the key challenges of this method is that there is no region in the triangle to indicate a normal aging state for the transformer. The conditions identified are Partial Discharges (PD), Discharges of Low Energy (D1), Discharges of High Energy (D2), Thermal Faults of temperature 700☌, and Thermal Faults of temperature > 700☌ (T3). The Duval Triangle 1 is very useful in providing diagnoses when a fault condition is already identified due to the fact that two of the three gases used (ethylene and acetylene) are products of high-energy conditions. Figure 1 presents the triangle with the definition of the seven fault diagnosis regions. The triangle has a clockwise direction in terms of increasing percentage gas levels. Each point is derived from the percentage volume of the sum of the three gases. The triangle is able to differentiate the fault types partial discharges, electrical faults (high and low energy arcing), and thermal faults (hot spots of various temperature ranges). The Duval Triangle 1 Method makes use of the three combustible gases Methane (CH 4), Ethylene (C 2H 4), and Acetylene (C 2H 2) which are transformed for representation in a triangular plot.
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